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The Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award is awarded annually to a novel or book of short stories by an American author who has not previously published a book of fiction. The award is named after Ernest Hemingway and funded by the Ernest Hemingway Foundation, which has been administered by the Hemingway Society since 1987, and PEN New England. Mary Hemingway, a member of PEN, founded the award in 1976 both to honor the memory of her husband and to recognize distinguished first books of fiction. The winner is selected by a panel of three distinguished fiction writers and receives a cash prize of US$10,000. In 2015, the prize was increased to $20,000.〔 Along with the winner, two finalists and two runners-up receive a Ucross Residency Fellowship at the Ucross Foundation, a retreat for artists and writers on a 22,000 acre (89 km²) ranch on the high plains in Ucross, Wyoming. The award ceremony is held at the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum in Boston, Massachusetts. The award presentation is sponsored in part by the JFK Presidential Library. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by International PEN affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world. ==Winners== *1976 – Loyd Little for ''Parthian Shot'' *1977 – Renata Adler for ''Speedboat'' *1978 – Darcy O'Brien for ''A Way of Life, Like Any Other'' *1979 – Reuben Bercovitch for ''Hasen'' *1980 – Alan Saperstein for ''Mom Kills Kids and Self'' *1981 – Joan Silber for ''Household Words'' *1982 – Marilynne Robinson for ''Housekeeping'' *1983 – Bobbie Ann Mason for ''Shiloh and Other Stories'' *1984 – Joan Chase for ''During the Reign of the Queen of Persia'' *1985 – Josephine Humphreys for ''Dreams of Sleep'' *1986 – Alan V. Hewat for ''Lady's Time'' *1987 – Mary Ward Brown for ''Tongues of Flame'' *1988 – Lawrence Thornton for ''Imagining Argentina'' *1989 – Jane Hamilton for ''The Book of Ruth'' *1990 – Mark Richard for ''The Ice at the Bottom of the World'' *1991 – Bernard Cooper for ''Maps to Anywhere'' *1992 – Louis Begley for ''Wartime Lies'' *1993 – Edward P. Jones for ''Lost in the City'' *1994 – Dagoberto Gilb for ''The Magic of Blood'' *1995 – Susan Power for ''The Grass Dancer'' *1996 – Chang-Rae Lee for ''Native Speaker'' *1997 – Ha Jin for ''Ocean of Words'' *1998 – Charlotte Bacon for ''A Private State'' *1999 – Rosina Lippi for ''Homestead'' *2000 – Jhumpa Lahiri for ''Interpreter of Maladies'' *2001 – Akhil Sharma for ''An Obedient Father'' *2002 – Justin Cronin for ''Mary and O'Neil'' *2003 – Gabriel Brownstein for ''The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, Apt. 3W'' *2004 – Jennifer Haigh for ''Mrs. Kimble'' *2005 – Chris Abani for ''GraceLand'' *2006 – Yiyun Li for ''A Thousand Years of Good Prayers'' *2007 – Ben Fountain for ''Brief Encounters With Che Guevara'' *2008 - Joshua Ferris for ''Then We Came to the End'' *2009 - Michael Dahlie for ''A Gentleman's Guide to Graceful Living'' *2010 - Brigid Pasulka for ''A Long, Long Time Ago and Essentially True'' *2011 - Brando Skyhorse for ''The Madonnas of Echo Park'' *2012 - Teju Cole for ''Open City'' *2013 - Kevin Powers for ''The Yellow Birds'' *2014 - NoViolet Bulawayo for ''We Need New Names'' *2015 - Arna Bontemps Hemenway for ''Elegy on Kinderklavier'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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